SELECT 
  * 
FROM 
  cscart_product_options_exceptions 
WHERE 
  product_id = 29983 
ORDER BY 
  exception_id

Query time 0.00055

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_options_exceptions",
      "access_type": "ref",
      "possible_keys": ["product"],
      "key": "product",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "ref": ["const"],
      "rows": 30,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_product_options_exceptions.product_id <=> 29983"
    }
  }
}

Result