Sandbox

SELECT 
  a.modifier, 
  a.modifier_type, 
  IF(
    shared_option_variants.variant_id IS NOT NULL, 
    shared_option_variants.modifier, 
    a.modifier
  ) as modifier, 
  IF(
    shared_option_variants.variant_id IS NOT NULL, 
    shared_option_variants.modifier_type, 
    a.modifier_type
  ) as modifier_type, 
  a.variant_id 
FROM 
  cscart_product_option_variants a 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_ult_product_option_variants shared_option_variants ON shared_option_variants.variant_id = a.variant_id 
  AND shared_option_variants.company_id = 1 
WHERE 
  1 
  AND a.variant_id IN (
    220124, 220140, 229484, 220190, 220191, 
    220199, 223765, 220288, 220287, 220289, 
    220285, 223800, 223805, 223810, 231044, 
    231069, 223755, 223760
  )

Query time 0.00049

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "shared_option_variants",
      "access_type": "system",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "company_id"],
      "rows": 0,
      "filtered": 0,
      "const_row_not_found": true
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "a",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["variant_id"],
      "rows": 18,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "a.variant_id in (220124,220140,229484,220190,220191,220199,223765,220288,220287,220289,220285,223800,223805,223810,231044,231069,223755,223760)"
    }
  }
}

Result

modifier	modifier_type	variant_id
0.000	A	220124
0.000	A	220140
0.000	A	220190
0.000	A	220191
0.000	A	220199
0.000	A	220285
0.000	A	220287
0.000	A	220288
0.000	A	220289
0.000	A	223755
0.000	A	223760
0.000	A	223765
0.000	A	223800
0.000	A	223805
0.000	A	223810
0.000	A	229484
0.000	A	231044
0.000	A	231069