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SELECT 
  a.modifier, 
  a.modifier_type, 
  IF(
    shared_option_variants.variant_id IS NOT NULL, 
    shared_option_variants.modifier, 
    a.modifier
  ) as modifier, 
  IF(
    shared_option_variants.variant_id IS NOT NULL, 
    shared_option_variants.modifier_type, 
    a.modifier_type
  ) as modifier_type, 
  a.variant_id 
FROM 
  cscart_product_option_variants a 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_ult_product_option_variants shared_option_variants ON shared_option_variants.variant_id = a.variant_id 
  AND shared_option_variants.company_id = 1 
WHERE 
  1 
  AND a.variant_id IN (
    231182, 220140, 227176, 220192, 220193, 
    220198, 220211, 220203, 220205, 239505, 
    223933, 220255, 220256, 220257, 233546, 
    220414, 220286, 220315, 220316, 230828, 
    223755
  )

Query time 0.00061

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "shared_option_variants",
      "access_type": "system",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "company_id"],
      "rows": 0,
      "filtered": 0,
      "const_row_not_found": true
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "a",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["variant_id"],
      "rows": 21,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "a.variant_id in (231182,220140,227176,220192,220193,220198,220211,220203,220205,239505,223933,220255,220256,220257,233546,220414,220286,220315,220316,230828,223755)"
    }
  }
}

Result

modifier	modifier_type	variant_id
0.000	A	220140
0.000	A	220192
0.000	A	220193
0.000	A	220198
0.000	A	220203
0.000	A	220205
0.000	A	220211
0.000	A	220255
0.000	A	220256
0.000	A	220257
0.000	A	220286
0.000	A	220315
0.000	A	220316
0.000	A	220414
0.000	A	223755
0.000	A	223933
0.000	A	227176
0.000	A	230828
0.000	A	231182
0.000	A	233546
0.000	A	239505