Sandbox

SELECT 
  a.modifier, 
  a.modifier_type, 
  IF(
    shared_option_variants.variant_id IS NOT NULL, 
    shared_option_variants.modifier, 
    a.modifier
  ) as modifier, 
  IF(
    shared_option_variants.variant_id IS NOT NULL, 
    shared_option_variants.modifier_type, 
    a.modifier_type
  ) as modifier_type, 
  a.variant_id 
FROM 
  cscart_product_option_variants a 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_ult_product_option_variants shared_option_variants ON shared_option_variants.variant_id = a.variant_id 
  AND shared_option_variants.company_id = 1 
WHERE 
  1 
  AND a.variant_id IN (
    227751, 227233, 220172, 227585, 227550, 
    227338, 227341, 227335, 227597, 227601, 
    227593, 227392, 227161, 230828, 223755
  )

Query time 0.00052

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "shared_option_variants",
      "access_type": "system",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "company_id"],
      "rows": 0,
      "filtered": 0,
      "const_row_not_found": true
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "a",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["variant_id"],
      "rows": 15,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "a.variant_id in (227751,227233,220172,227585,227550,227338,227341,227335,227597,227601,227593,227392,227161,230828,223755)"
    }
  }
}

Result

modifier	modifier_type	variant_id
0.000	A	220172
0.000	A	223755
0.000	A	227161
0.000	A	227233
0.000	A	227335
0.000	A	227338
0.000	A	227341
0.000	A	227392
0.000	A	227550
0.000	A	227585
0.000	A	227593
0.000	A	227597
0.000	A	227601
0.000	A	227751
0.000	A	230828