SELECT 
  a.modifier, 
  a.modifier_type, 
  IF(
    shared_option_variants.variant_id IS NOT NULL, 
    shared_option_variants.modifier, 
    a.modifier
  ) as modifier, 
  IF(
    shared_option_variants.variant_id IS NOT NULL, 
    shared_option_variants.modifier_type, 
    a.modifier_type
  ) as modifier_type, 
  a.variant_id 
FROM 
  cscart_product_option_variants a 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_ult_product_option_variants shared_option_variants ON shared_option_variants.variant_id = a.variant_id 
  AND shared_option_variants.company_id = 1 
WHERE 
  1 
  AND a.variant_id IN (
    231149, 220140, 227176, 220192, 220193, 
    220198, 228505, 239508, 228501, 228497, 
    220238, 220285, 220287, 228508, 228511, 
    230951, 223755, 239521
  )

Query time 0.00057

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "shared_option_variants",
      "access_type": "system",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "company_id"],
      "rows": 0,
      "filtered": 0,
      "const_row_not_found": true
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "a",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["variant_id"],
      "rows": 18,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "a.variant_id in (231149,220140,227176,220192,220193,220198,228505,239508,228501,228497,220238,220285,220287,228508,228511,230951,223755,239521)"
    }
  }
}

Result

modifier modifier_type variant_id
0.000 A 220140
0.000 A 220192
0.000 A 220193
0.000 A 220198
0.000 A 220238
0.000 A 220285
0.000 A 220287
0.000 A 223755
0.000 A 227176
0.000 A 228497
0.000 A 228501
0.000 A 228505
0.000 A 228508
0.000 A 228511
0.000 A 230951
0.000 A 231149
0.000 A 239508
0.000 A 239521