SELECT 
  * 
FROM 
  cscart_product_options_exceptions 
WHERE 
  product_id = 64150 
ORDER BY 
  exception_id

Query time 0.00042

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_options_exceptions",
      "access_type": "ref",
      "possible_keys": ["product"],
      "key": "product",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "ref": ["const"],
      "rows": 2,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_product_options_exceptions.product_id <=> 64150"
    }
  }
}

Result

exception_id product_id combination
49678 64150 a:4:{i:23061;s:6:"230440";i:21970;s:2:"-1";i:23065;s:6:"230460";i:22644;s:2:"-1";}
49679 64150 a:4:{i:23061;s:6:"230441";i:21970;s:2:"-1";i:23065;s:6:"230460";i:22644;s:2:"-1";}