SELECT 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      cscart_product_prices.price, 
      cscart_product_prices.price - (
        cscart_product_prices.price * cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  cscart_product_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id IN (
    64275, 63757, 63343, 64277, 64728, 62540, 
    62575, 63344, 64026, 64743, 63805, 
    64946, 64865, 64738, 65481, 60856, 
    65499, 65498, 65497, 65590, 65770, 
    65720, 65721, 65613
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00155

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_prices",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["usergroup", "product_id", "lower_limit", "usergroup_id"],
      "key": "product_id",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "usergroup_id", "lower_limit"],
      "rowid_filter": {
        "range": {
          "key": "lower_limit",
          "used_key_parts": ["lower_limit", "product_id", "usergroup_id"]
        },
        "rows": 48,
        "selectivity_pct": 1.779095626
      },
      "rows": 48,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 and cscart_product_prices.product_id in (64275,63757,63343,64277,64728,62540,62575,63344,64026,64743,63805,64946,64865,64738,65481,60856,65499,65498,65497,65590,65770,65720,65721,65613) and cscart_product_prices.usergroup_id in (0,1)"
    }
  }
}

Result