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SELECT 
  a.modifier, 
  a.modifier_type, 
  IF(
    shared_option_variants.variant_id IS NOT NULL, 
    shared_option_variants.modifier, 
    a.modifier
  ) as modifier, 
  IF(
    shared_option_variants.variant_id IS NOT NULL, 
    shared_option_variants.modifier_type, 
    a.modifier_type
  ) as modifier_type, 
  a.variant_id 
FROM 
  cscart_product_option_variants a 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_ult_product_option_variants shared_option_variants ON shared_option_variants.variant_id = a.variant_id 
  AND shared_option_variants.company_id = 1 
WHERE 
  1 
  AND a.variant_id IN (
    220996, 220814, 220543, 220144, 221016, 
    221044, 220173, 220760, 220677, 220704, 
    220776, 220765, 220787, 220798, 220318
  )

Query time 0.00068

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "shared_option_variants",
      "access_type": "system",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "company_id"],
      "rows": 0,
      "filtered": 0,
      "const_row_not_found": true
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "a",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["variant_id"],
      "rows": 15,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "a.variant_id in (220996,220814,220543,220144,221016,221044,220173,220760,220677,220704,220776,220765,220787,220798,220318)"
    }
  }
}

Result

modifier	modifier_type	variant_id
0.000	A	220144
0.000	A	220173
0.000	A	220318
0.000	A	220543
0.000	A	220677
0.000	A	220704
0.000	A	220760
0.000	A	220765
0.000	A	220776
0.000	A	220787
0.000	A	220798
0.000	A	220814
0.000	A	220996
0.000	A	221016
0.000	A	221044