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SELECT 
  a.modifier, 
  a.modifier_type, 
  IF(
    shared_option_variants.variant_id IS NOT NULL, 
    shared_option_variants.modifier, 
    a.modifier
  ) as modifier, 
  IF(
    shared_option_variants.variant_id IS NOT NULL, 
    shared_option_variants.modifier_type, 
    a.modifier_type
  ) as modifier_type, 
  a.variant_id 
FROM 
  cscart_product_option_variants a 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_ult_product_option_variants shared_option_variants ON shared_option_variants.variant_id = a.variant_id 
  AND shared_option_variants.company_id = 1 
WHERE 
  1 
  AND a.variant_id IN (
    217617, 220130, 220143, 220239, 220264, 
    220240, 220241, 220265, 220266, 220267, 
    220268, 220270, 220269, 220300, 220307, 
    220308, 217844
  )

Query time 0.00068

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "shared_option_variants",
      "access_type": "system",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "company_id"],
      "rows": 0,
      "filtered": 0,
      "const_row_not_found": true
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "a",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["variant_id"],
      "rows": 17,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "a.variant_id in (217617,220130,220143,220239,220264,220240,220241,220265,220266,220267,220268,220270,220269,220300,220307,220308,217844)"
    }
  }
}

Result

modifier	modifier_type	variant_id
0.000	A	217617
0.000	A	217844
0.000	A	220130
0.000	A	220143
0.000	A	220239
0.000	A	220240
0.000	A	220241
0.000	A	220264
0.000	A	220265
0.000	A	220266
0.000	A	220267
0.000	A	220268
0.000	A	220269
0.000	A	220270
0.000	A	220300
0.000	A	220307
0.000	A	220308