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SELECT 
  a.modifier, 
  a.modifier_type, 
  IF(
    shared_option_variants.variant_id IS NOT NULL, 
    shared_option_variants.modifier, 
    a.modifier
  ) as modifier, 
  IF(
    shared_option_variants.variant_id IS NOT NULL, 
    shared_option_variants.modifier_type, 
    a.modifier_type
  ) as modifier_type, 
  a.variant_id 
FROM 
  cscart_product_option_variants a 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_ult_product_option_variants shared_option_variants ON shared_option_variants.variant_id = a.variant_id 
  AND shared_option_variants.company_id = 1 
WHERE 
  1 
  AND a.variant_id IN (
    226326, 226612, 240507, 240605, 240628, 
    240651, 226434, 226439, 226444, 226449, 
    226485, 231695, 231698, 224224, 223755
  )

Query time 0.00047

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "shared_option_variants",
      "access_type": "system",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "company_id"],
      "rows": 0,
      "filtered": 0,
      "const_row_not_found": true
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "a",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["variant_id"],
      "rows": 15,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "a.variant_id in (226326,226612,240507,240605,240628,240651,226434,226439,226444,226449,226485,231695,231698,224224,223755)"
    }
  }
}

Result

modifier	modifier_type	variant_id
0.000	A	223755
0.000	A	224224
0.000	A	226326
0.000	A	226434
0.000	A	226439
0.000	A	226444
0.000	A	226449
0.000	A	226485
0.000	A	226612
0.000	A	231695
0.000	A	231698
0.000	A	240507
0.000	A	240605
0.000	A	240628
0.000	A	240651