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SELECT 
  a.modifier, 
  a.modifier_type, 
  IF(
    shared_option_variants.variant_id IS NOT NULL, 
    shared_option_variants.modifier, 
    a.modifier
  ) as modifier, 
  IF(
    shared_option_variants.variant_id IS NOT NULL, 
    shared_option_variants.modifier_type, 
    a.modifier_type
  ) as modifier_type, 
  a.variant_id 
FROM 
  cscart_product_option_variants a 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_ult_product_option_variants shared_option_variants ON shared_option_variants.variant_id = a.variant_id 
  AND shared_option_variants.company_id = 1 
WHERE 
  1 
  AND a.variant_id IN (
    225517, 225530, 225531, 225548, 225581, 
    226657, 226620, 226616, 226624, 238010, 
    225620, 225598, 225609, 225647, 225660, 
    225673, 238053, 225699, 238038, 221146
  )

Query time 0.00048

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "shared_option_variants",
      "access_type": "system",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "company_id"],
      "rows": 0,
      "filtered": 0,
      "const_row_not_found": true
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "a",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["variant_id"],
      "rows": 20,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "a.variant_id in (225517,225530,225531,225548,225581,226657,226620,226616,226624,238010,225620,225598,225609,225647,225660,225673,238053,225699,238038,221146)"
    }
  }
}

Result

modifier	modifier_type	variant_id
0.000	A	221146
0.000	A	225517
0.000	A	225530
0.000	A	225531
0.000	A	225548
0.000	A	225581
0.000	A	225598
0.000	A	225609
0.000	A	225620
0.000	A	225647
0.000	A	225660
0.000	A	225673
0.000	A	225699
0.000	A	226616
0.000	A	226620
0.000	A	226624
0.000	A	226657
0.000	A	238010
0.000	A	238038
0.000	A	238053